23.25 Flexion

• There are three steps

  1. From 0-60\(^{\circ}\) by scapulo-humeral flexion using anterior deltoid, upper pectoralis major, and coracobrachialis.

     • Stabilized by teres minor, teres major, and infraspinatus

  2. From 60-120\(^{\circ}\) by scapulo-thoracic antepulsion using trapezius and stabilized by latissimus dorsi and the lower pectoralis major

  3. From 120-180\(^{\circ}\) by spinal extension

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