10 Muscle mechanics
10.0.1
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The creep and stress-relaxation functions for the Maxwell, Kelvin-Voigt, and standard linear solid models, in response to the stress and strain time histories, as shown.
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Illustration of the nonlinearity of the monotonic stress-strain response for a constant strain-rate loading experiment of a standard linear solid material. At steady state (large values of strain), the response is approximately linear.
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Example of discrete (left) and continuous (right) load histories. Linear superposition theory dictates that the overall response to an arbitrary load history is the sum of the individual responses to each increment in load.
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Typical phase lag response seen in a viscoelastic material in response to a sinusoidal loading regimen. In this case, the strain response is out of phase with the input stress history, but has the same frequency.
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(Data courtesy of Dr. Jeffrey Lotz, UCSF.)
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Examples of typical frequency responses for various spring-dashpot models. Es-loss modulus; E-storage modulus.
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Maxwell, Kelvin-Voigt, and standard linear solid spring-dashpot models.
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The frequency response of the standard linear solid model (on a semi-log plot) to a sinusoidal loading, showing the storage and loss modulo.