23.10 Bony elements

Humeral head retroversion

• Glenoid version \(\pm 10^{\circ}\) is nominal

• Abnormal values (hyper or retroversion) are suspected to contribute to instability or osteoarthritis

• Humeral head retroversion average is 18\(^{\circ}\) (range -6.5\(^{\circ}\) to 47.5\(^{\circ}\) )

• Abnormal values of retroversion may be a factor for instability (controversial)

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